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Consult the dependency's documentation to determine what names it uses. Android Gradle Plugin 4. The prefab feature must be enabled for your Android Gradle module. To do so, add the following to the android block of your module's build. CMake ndk-build. This value will be set automatically by Gradle when CMake is invoked, so if your build modifies this variable be sure to append rather than assign to it.

Each dependency exposes a config-file package to your build. This command searches for config-file packages matching the given package name and version and exposes the targets it defines to be used in your build. For example, if your application defines libapp.

To export your native libraries, add the following to the android block of your library project's build. In this example, the mylibrary and myotherlibrary libraries from either your ndk-build or CMake external native build will be packaged in the AAR produced by your build, and each will export the headers from the specified directory to their dependents. The order in which you list your dependencies indicates the priority for each: the first library is higher priority than the second, the second is higher priority than the third, and so on.

This order is important in the event that resources are merged or manifest elements are merged into your app from the libraries. Some direct dependencies may have dependencies of their own. These are called transitive dependencies. Rather than requiring you to manually declare each transitive dependency, Gradle automatically gathers and adds them for you. The Android plugin for Gradle provides a task that displays a list of the dependencies Gradle resolves for a given module.

For each module, the report also groups the dependencies based on build variant, testing source set, and classpath. The following is sample report for an app module's runtime classpath of its debug build variant and compile classpath of its instrumented test source set. For more information about managing dependencies in Gradle, see Dependency management basics in the Gradle User Guide.

When you add multiple dependencies to your app project, those direct and transitive dependencies might conflict with one another. The Android Gradle plugin tries to resolve these conflicts gracefully, but some conflicts may lead to compile time or runtime errors. To help you investigate which dependencies are contributing to errors, inspect your app's dependency tree and look for dependencies that appear more than once or with conflicting versions.

If you can't easily identify the duplicate dependency, try using Android Studio's UI to search for dependencies that include the duplicate class as follows:. The following sections describe the different types of dependency resolution errors you may encounter and how to fix them. If a class appears more than once on the runtime classpath, you get an error similar to the following:. When Gradle resolves the compile classpath, it first resolves the runtime classpath and uses the result to determine what versions of dependencies should be added to the compile classpath.

In other words, the runtime classpath determines the required version numbers for identical dependencies on downstream classpaths. Your app's runtime classpath also determines the version numbers that Gradle requires for matching dependencies in the runtime classpath for the app's test APK. The hierarchy of classpaths is described in figure 1. Figure 1. Version numbers of dependencies that appear across multiple classpaths must match according to this hierarchy.

A conflict where different versions of the same dependency appears across multiple classpaths might occur when, for example, your app includes a version of a dependency using the implementation dependency configuration and a library module includes a different version of the dependency using the runtimeOnly configuration.

When resolving dependencies on your runtime and compile time classpaths, Android Gradle plugin 3. For example, if the runtime classpath includes Library A version 2. However, if the runtime classpath includes Library A version 1. This section describes advanced topics that are useful when you want to extend the Android Gradle plugin or write your own plugin.

A library can have functionalities that other projects or sub-projects might want to use. Publishing a library is the process by which the library is made available to its consumers. Libraries can control which dependencies its consumers have access to at compile time and runtime.

There are two separate configurations that hold the transitive dependencies of each classpath which must be used by consumers to consume the library as described below:. To learn more about the relationships between the different configurations, go to The Java Library plugin configurations.

A project may include a dependency on two different versions of the same library which can lead to dependency conflicts. For example, if your project depends on version 1 of module A and version 2 of module B, and module A transitively depends on version 3 of module B, there arises a dependency version conflict.

To resolve this conflict, the Android Gradle plugin uses the following dependency resolution strategy: when the plugin detects that different versions of the same module are in the dependency graph, by default, it chooses the one with the highest version number. However, this strategy might not always work as you intend.

To customize the dependency resolution strategy, use the following configurations to resolve specific dependencies of a variant that are needed for your task:. The Android Gradle plugin includes getters that you can use to access the configuration objects of each variant. Note that starting with Android Studio 3. See this.

I used to get similar issues. Even after installing the support repository, the build used to fail. Basically the issues is due to the way the version number of the jar files are specified in the gradle files are specified properly. March 11, Android Leave a comment. Recover your password. Forgot your password? Get help. Place Of Inspiration. Google Play services 4. Now open the build. See Image 3 Options build. Powered by Gradle, Android Studio's build system allows you to customize your build to generate multiple build variants for different devices from a single project.

The built-in profiling tools provide realtime statistics for your app's CPU, memory, and network activity. Identify performance bottlenecks by recording method traces, inspecting the heap and allocations, and see incoming and outgoing network payloads. See the Android Studio release notes.

More downloads are available in the download archives. For information on recommended devices and specifications, as well as Android Emulator support, visit chromeos. If you're new to Android development, check out the following resources to get started. Build your first app Start writing code in Android Studio by following the tutorial to Build your first app.

Learn Android with interactive video training in the Android Fundamentals Udacity course. For help installing Android Studio, see the Install guide. Android Studio. Download What's new User guide Preview. Android Developers. Android Studio Android Studio provides the fastest tools for building apps on every type of Android device.

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